Source: LIPASTO -calculation system, VTT
LIPASTO main page
Passenger air traffic
Average passenger aircraft emissions and energy consumption per passenger kilometre in Finland 2008
			Unit emissions of passenger air traffic [g/pkm]
			CO	HC	NOX	CH4*	N2O*	SO2	CO2	CO2eq.**	Fuel consumption [g/pkm]	Fuel consumption [l/pkm]	Energy consumption [MJ/pkm]
DOMESTIC, SHORT-DISTANCE ≤ 463 km
	weighted average		0.49	0.030	1.1	0.0018	0.0070	0.083	257	259	82	0.10	3.5
	jet engine	scheduled	0.84	0.069	1.5	0.0024	0.0097	0.12	354	357	113	0.14	4.8
	turboprop engine	scheduled	0.24	0.0021	0.77	0.0013	0.0051	0.059	188	190	59	0.074	2.6
DOMESTIC, LONG-DISTANCE > 463 km
	weighted average		0.54	0.038	0.67	0.0012	0.0048	0.056	177	178	56	0.070	2.4
	jet engine	scheduled	0.60	0.043	0.71	0.0013	0.0050	0.058	184	185	58	0.073	2.5
	turboprop engine	scheduled	0.14	0.0013	0.45	0.00087	0.0035	0.040	128	129	40	0.051	1.7
EUROPE, SHORT-DISTANCE ≤ 463 km
	weighted average		0.76	0.059	1.1	0.0018	0.0070	0.084	257	260	82	0.10	3.5
	jet engine	scheduled	0.88	0.075	1.1	0.0018	0.0073	0.089	269	271	85	0.11	3.7
	turboprop engine	scheduled	0.36	0.0048	1.1	0.0015	0.0060	0.069	220	221	69	0.087	3.0
EUROPE, LONG-DISTANCE > 463 km
	weighted average		0.43	0.031	0.50	0.0010	0.0041	0.048	148	149	47	0.059	2.0
	jet engine	scheduled	0.45	0.032	0.52	0.0011	0.0042	0.049	154	155	49	0.061	2.1
	jet engine	charter	0.22	0.016	0.32	0.00057	0.0023	0.026	83	84	26	0.033	1.1
LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS
	weighted average		0.095	0.0070	0.45	0.00078	0.0031	0.036	113	114	36	0.045	1.6
	jet engine	scheduled	0.094	0.0069	0.53	0.00092	0.0037	0.043	134	135	43	0.054	1.8
	jet engine	charter	0.097	0.0073	0.29	0.00046	0.0019	0.022	67	68	22	0.027	0.93
All distances used in the calculations are defined as great circle distances (GCD).
g/pkm = grams per (paid) passenger kilometre
CO = carbon monoxide, HC = hydrocarbons (including methane CH4), NOX = nitrogen oxides, CH4 = methane, N2O = nitrous oxide, SO2 = sulphur dioxide,
CO2 = carbon dioxide, CO2eq. = carbon dioxide equivalent, MJ = megajoule
Properties of aviation fuel, used in calculating fuel consumption [l/hkm] and energy consumption [MJ/hkm], [kWh/hkm],
and to complete missing data concerning CO2 and SO2 emissions:
Density: 800 kg/m3			CO2 factor: 3.169 kg/(kg fuel)
Heating value: 43 MJ/kg			SO2 factor: 0.001 kg/(kg fuel)
*Emission factors to estimate CH4 and N2O emissions:
CH4: 0.0005 g/MJ			N2O: 0.002 g/MJ
**GWP100 (global warming potential) factors for calculating CO2 equivalents:
CO2 ~ 1, CH4 ~ 21, N2O ~ 310
[*] 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2, Energy, 3.6.1.2 Choice of Emission Factors, 2006.
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
[**] IPCC Second Assessment Report: Climate change 1995, 1995.
7.5.2009
Last updated
By Heidi Auvinen, VTT
Email: etunimi.sukunimi@vtt.fi